born in Kusel, Rhineland-Palatinate

Studies leading to undergraduate degree in economics and management at the University of Constance

Research assistant in the Department of Economics at the University of Siegen
1987 Doctorate in Economics, 1994 Habilitation in Economics

Professor of economic theory at the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University, Bonn

Professor of applied monetary economics at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main

Director of the Center for Financial Studies in Frankfurt am Main

Professor of international economics at the University of Cologne

Member of the German Council of Economic Experts

President of the Deutsche Bundesbank, responsible for the Communications Department, the Economics Department and the Research Centre of the Deutsche Bundesbank
Member of the Governing Council of the European Central Bank
Governor of the International Monetary Fund
Member of the Board of Directors of the Bank for International Settlements

Member of the steering committee of the Financial Stability Board

Visiting fellow at the Department of Economics of Queen Mary College, University of London

Visiting fellow at the Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C.

Visiting fellow of the International Monetary Fund, Research Department, Washington, D.C.

Research Consultant, Österreichische Nationalbank, Vienna, Austria

Visiting fellow of the European University Institute, Florence, Italy
Visiting fellow of the International Monetary Fund, Research Department, Washington, D.C.

Research Consultant, European Central Bank

Research fellow of the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London, UK