The German economy at a glance

The German economy at a glance Selected indicators

This section provides an overview of key indicators of current economic activity in Germany in table and chart form. In addition, the indicators are available as individual charts with explanatory notes.

The German economy at a glance - table

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Overview of the economic indicators in table form

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Summary of charts

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1 Gross domestic product

24.11.2020 DE

Gross domestic product (GDP) measures the value of the goods and services produced within an economy in a specific period (eg quarter or year). When calculating and presenting gross domestic product, a distinction is made between the production (or output), expenditure and income approaches. ...

1 Gross domestic product
2 Output in the production sector

08.01.2021 DE

The production index measures the monthly output of the production sector in Germany, with price changes eliminated. Owing to its frequency, its ready availability and the detailed breakdown by economic sector, it is a pivotal and up-to-date indicator of economic development. ...

2 Output in the production sector
3 Retail turnover

13.01.2021 DE

Retail trade (excluding the sale of motor vehicles and motorcycles and retail sale of automotive fuel in specialised stores) includes the sale of merchandise predominantly to households. This mainly comprises the sale of consumer goods in stores including warehouses, by mail order and over the internet; this also includes sales at market stalls and by hawkers as well as door-to-door sales. ...

3 Retail turnover
4 Orders received

07.01.2021 DE

Orders received comprise the value (excluding value added tax) of all orders confirmed in the respective month under review. Orders received are a leading indicator of economic growth. The Federal Statistical Office collects the figures separately for industry and the main construction sector each month and publishes them as both a value index and a volume index.

4 Orders received
5 Consumer prices, producer prices and import prices

06.01.2021 DE

Consumer price indices measure the average change in the prices of all goods and services households purchase for consumption purposes. These include, for example, food products, other consumer goods, housing rents, electricity, fuels and services. ...

5 Consumer prices, producer prices and import prices
6 Labour cost

09.12.2020 DE

Labour cost comprises the total of all expenditure borne by employers for employing staff. Labour cost includes, for example, the compensation of employees with gross wages and salaries in the form of cash or in kind, employers' social contributions ...

6 Labour cost
7 Labour market

05.01.2021 DE

According to the European System of Accounts, persons in employment are persons aged 15 years and over who engage in at least one hour a week of productive activity for remuneration in the reporting period or who have an employment contract, ie employees (including the armed forces and contributing family workers), independently operate a trade or agricultural business or are self-employed.

7 Labour market
8 German external sector

12.01.2021 DE

The external trade statistics record Germany's cross-border trade in goods with foreign countries. They capture and present all goods physically entering and exiting the country as well as electricity. This also covers imports and exports of goods that are brought into or taken out of the country free of charge or at another country's expense. ...

8 German external sector
9 Euro foreign exchange reference rate of US dollar

05.01.2021 DE

Since the introduction of the euro on 1 January 1999, there has been no autonomous foreign exchange market for the currencies replaced by the euro; the euro alone is quoted against the US dollar and other non-euro-area currencies. ...

9 Euro foreign exchange reference rate of US dollar
10 Three-month Euribor

05.01.2021 DE

Euribor refers to the average interest rates at which banks with first-class credit quality are prepared to lend one another euro funds on the unsecured interbank market at the specified maturities (in this case, three months). ...

10 Three-month Euribor
11 Yield on outstanding fixed-income securities

05.01.2021 DE

The yield on bonds outstanding is the average yield on fixed-income securities of domestic issuers, where the yield depicts the actual annual remuneration. To calculate the average value, the yields of the individual securities are weighted by their amounts outstanding (total volume sold). ...

11 Yield on outstanding fixed-income securities
12 Loans to the domestic private sector

05.01.2021 DE

Loans to the domestic non-financial private sector constitute loans granted by monetary financial institutions (MFIs, excluding the Deutsche Bundesbank) in Germany to non-financial corporations and households resident in Germany. ...

12 Loans to the domestic private sector
13 General government: debt and fiscal balance

05.01.2021 DE

The general government fiscal balance equates to the difference between the revenue and expenditure of central government, state government, local government and social security funds based on the methodological concepts of the European System of Accounts. ...

13 General government: debt and fiscal balance
14 Households

05.01.2021 DE

Households' financial assets are the total financial assets held by domestic households, particularly in the form of cash, bank deposits, securities and claims on insurers. Debt, on the other hand, comprises households' liabilities, which in Germany consist exclusively of loans (especially from banks).

14 Households