This section provides an overview of key indicators of current economic activity in Germany in table and chart form. In addition, the indicators are available as individual charts with explanatory notes.
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The German economy at a glance - table
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Read articleOverview of the economic indicators in table form
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Summary of charts
The graphics are available for download in the following formats. ...
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1 Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) measures the value of the goods and services produced within an economy in a specific period (eg quarter or year). When calculating and presenting gross domestic product, a distinction is made between the production (or output), expenditure and income approaches. ...
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2 Output in the production sector
The production index measures the monthly output of the production sector in Germany, with price changes eliminated. Owing to its frequency, its ready availability and the detailed breakdown by economic sector, it is a pivotal and up-to-date indicator of economic development. ...
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3 Retail turnover
Retail trade (excluding the sale of motor vehicles and motorcycles and retail sale of automotive fuel in specialised stores) includes the sale of merchandise predominantly to households. This mainly comprises the sale of consumer goods in stores including warehouses, by mail order and over the internet; this also includes sales at market stalls and by hawkers as well as door-to-door sales. ...
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4 Orders received
Orders received comprise the value (excluding value added tax) of all orders confirmed in the respective month under review. Orders received are a leading indicator of economic growth. The Federal Statistical Office collects the figures separately for industry and the main construction sector each month and publishes them as both a value index and a volume index.
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5 Consumer prices, producer prices and import prices
Consumer price indices measure the average change in the prices of all goods and services households purchase for consumption purposes. These include, for example, food products, other consumer goods, housing rents, electricity, fuels and services. ...
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6 Labour cost
Labour cost comprises the total of all expenditure borne by employers for employing staff. Labour cost includes, for example, the compensation of employees with gross wages and salaries in the form of cash or in kind, employers' social contributions ...
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7 Labour market
According to the European System of Accounts, persons in employment are persons aged 15 years and over who engage in at least one hour a week of productive activity for remuneration in the reporting period or who have an employment contract, ie employees (including the armed forces and contributing family workers), independently operate a trade or agricultural business or are self-employed.
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8 German external sector
The external trade statistics record Germany's cross-border trade in goods with foreign countries. They capture and present all goods physically entering and exiting the country as well as electricity. This also covers imports and exports of goods that are brought into or taken out of the country free of charge or at another country's expense. ...
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9 Euro foreign exchange reference rate of US dollar
Since the introduction of the euro on 1 January 1999, there has been no autonomous foreign exchange market for the currencies replaced by the euro; the euro alone is quoted against the US dollar and other non-euro-area currencies. ...
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10 Three-month Euribor
Euribor refers to the average interest rates at which banks with first-class credit quality are prepared to lend one another euro funds on the unsecured interbank market at the specified maturities (in this case, three months). ...
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11 Yield on outstanding fixed-income securities
The yield on bonds outstanding is the average yield on fixed-income securities of domestic issuers, where the yield depicts the actual annual remuneration. To calculate the average value, the yields of the individual securities are weighted by their amounts outstanding (total volume sold). ...
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12 Loans to the domestic private sector
Loans to the domestic non-financial private sector constitute loans granted by monetary financial institutions (MFIs, excluding the Deutsche Bundesbank) in Germany to non-financial corporations and households resident in Germany. ...
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13 General government: debt and fiscal balance
The general government fiscal balance equates to the difference between the revenue and expenditure of central government, state government, local government and social security funds based on the methodological concepts of the European System of Accounts. ...
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14 Households
Households' financial assets are the total financial assets held by domestic households, particularly in the form of cash, bank deposits, securities and claims on insurers. Debt, on the other hand, comprises households' liabilities, which in Germany consist exclusively of loans (especially from banks).