Die Europäische Zentralbank (EZB) hat gegen die Goldman Sachs Bank Europe SE eine Verwaltungsgeldbuße von 6,63 Mio. € verhängt. Grund hierfür war die Meldung von falsch berechneten risikogewichteten Aktiva für das Kreditrisiko.

For the processing of cross-border euro credit transfers via the Customer Access Mechanism-IMPay (CAM-IMPay) the following rules apply. “Procedural rules of the Deutsche Bundesbank for the clearing and settlement of cross-border euro retail payments in Customer Access Mechanism-IMPay (CAM-IMPay) (Procedural rules for CAM-IMPay)”

The advantages or disadvantages firms experience as a result of their size, referred to in the economic literature as returns to scale, are of central importance in many economic models. Increasing returns to scale, whereby unit costs decrease as output volume increases, could explain productivity differences between Europe and the United States. We present fresh evidence on the returns to scale of European firms: most exhibit constant returns to scale, but a non-trivial share also show increasing returns to scale.