Balance of payments of Germany and of the euro area, direct investments, effective exchange rates of the euro, exchange rates, euro foreign exchange references rates and gold prices, external debt, external position of banks and non-banks, external position of the Bundesbank, international investment position, foreign affiliates and German indicators of price competitiveness.

Measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP), Germany’s net external assets grew from just under 20% at the start of 2007 to around 60% by the end of 2017. Enterprises and households recorded the highest increase in assets, with portfolio investment being a key factor. As noted in the April 2018 Monthly Report, "For the first time in over 30 years, residents’ holdings of foreign securities are larger than non-residents’ holdings of securities issued in Germany".