Studies
The Bundesbank published various studies and conference proceedings, resulting from the research activities of its employees and guest researchers.
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Payment behaviour in Germany in 2020 Survey during the year of the coronavirus pandemic
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Cash in the age of payment diversity International Cash Conference 2019
8 MB, PDF
The conference volume comprises a wide variety of cash related research papers, which were presented and discussed at the International Cash Conference 2019.
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Cash use in Germany Cash hoarding by German households – an empirical analysis of how much cash they store and why
Estimates by the Bundesbank suggest that banknotes worth around €268 billion were in circulation in Germany in 2018. Of that amount, roughly 20% was used directly for transactions. The other, far larger share – somewhere in the region of €200 billion – was being hoarded, i.e. stored for an extended period of time by households and firms.
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How Can Collateral Management Benefit from DLT? Project “BLOCKBASTER”
695 KB, PDF
There is a general consensus that distributed ledger technology (DLT) has both disruptive and evolutionary potential for financial markets. This paper focuses on potential implications in connection with collateral management activities for financial transactions, the aim being to analyze the challenges and opportunities of DLT in the current regulatory environment for this specific use case.
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Cash use in Germany Macroeconomic estimates of the extent of illicit cash use in Germany
In a study prepared together with Professor Friedrich Schneider of the Johannes Kepler University Linz, illegal demand for cash in Germany is investigated. The study presents an overview of economic research on the use of cash in the shadow economy as well as fresh empirical analyses by the authors. They look at the influence of the shadow economy on cash lodgements at Bundesbank branches and the demand for banknotes in Germany.
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© picture alliance / dpa The costs of cash payments in the retail sector Study to determine and evaluate the costs arising from cash payments in the retail sector718 KB, PDF
How much does a cash payment cost? How long does it take? What costs arise at which points? And how do cash payments compare with cashless payments in terms of costs? Answers to these and other questions are provided by this study on the costs of cash payments in the retail sector, contributing to the debate on the efficiency of payments at the point of sale (POS).
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Ensuring internal capital adequacy of less significant institutions (LSIs) Range of practice 2015 to 2017
The Bundesbank has conducted an analysis of how internal capital adequacy is ensured within the German banking market. The results are generally positive, but most of the institutions still show a need for further structural improvement.
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War on Cash: Is there a Future for Cash? International Cash Conference 2017
This conference once again brought together central bankers and the academic community of cash researchers. It covered a wide range of current topics with renowned experts discussing interesting aspects.
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Payment behaviour in Germany in 2017 Fourth study of the utilisation of cash and cashless payment instruments
The information contained in the study is of interest to all market participants affected by the payment behaviour of private individuals, most notably retailers, credit institutions, card issuers and, last but not least, the Deutsche Bundesbank itself. Players wishing to foster more innovation in the field of payments need to offer a genuine advantage over established schemes and procedures and, in particular, to heed users’ perceived security needs.