Studies
The Bundesbank published various studies and conference proceedings, resulting from the research activities of its employees and guest researchers.
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Kosten von Zahlungsmitteln im Einzelhandel
Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Kosten, die durch den Einsatz von Bargeld und bargeldlosen Bezahlverfahren im stationären Einzelhandel und in verwandten Branchen entstehen.
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Product Environmental Footprint (PEF)-Studie für Euro-Banknoten als Zahlungsmittel im Bargeldkreislauf für Deutschland
2 MB, PDF
Der Banknotenumlauf in Deutschland hat einen geringen ökologischen Fußabdruck. Das ist das Ergebnis einer Studie im Auftrag der Deutschen Bundesbank. Die Studie untersucht, wie sich die Ausgabe, Verteilung, Nutzung und Entsorgung von Euro-Banknoten auf die Umwelt auswirken.
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How the debt brake could be developed further A Bundesbank contribution to the reform debate
Germany’s fiscal rules were fundamentally reformed in March. Extensive scope for borrowing now exists to address the major challenges in the areas of defence and infrastructure. This is appropriate on a temporary basis. However, because there is unlimited scope to borrow for defence spending, neither sound government finances nor compliance with the EU rules are guaranteed over the longer term. Also, the preferential status accorded to government investment within the scope for borrowing is only temporary. The following proposal to reform the debt brake addresses both of these issues.
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Costs of Cash and Card Payments from a Consumer Perspective Study commissioned by the Deutsche Bundesbank (Modul 3)
The costs of payment methods for consumers are difficult to determine, not recorded in a harmonised manner on an international level and consequently vary significantly from country to country. For this reason, a separate study is necessary for Germany. As part of a representative survey conducted in 2023, households were asked about the costs they incurred when using various means of payment.
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Payment behaviour in Germany in 2023
Since 2008, the Deutsche Bundesbank has been taking a comprehensive look at how the population pays, what attitudes they have towards cash and electronic means of payment, and what developments can be expected in payment transactions.
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Cash of the future
How will cash be used in the future? A recent Bundesbank study has investigated this question, outlining three different scenarios for cash payments in 2037. The study provides an idea of the social and economic environment in which cash will be embedded in the future.
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From the Reichsbank to the Bundesbank People, generations and concepts between tradition, conituity and new beginnings
In 2017, the Deutsche Bundesbank commissioned a comprehensive study on the history of central banking in Germany between the years 1924 and 1970.
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Payment behaviour in Germany in 2020 Survey during the year of the coronavirus pandemic
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Cash in the age of payment diversity International Cash Conference 2019
8 MB, PDF
The conference volume comprises a wide variety of cash related research papers, which were presented and discussed at the International Cash Conference 2019.