The Eurosystem’s negative interest rate policy (NIRP) incentivised banks to also charge their customers negative deposit rates. My analysis shows that German banks did actually charge negative interest rates on corporate deposits at times. However, the banks that did so were primarily those which relied heavily on household deposits as a source of funding. These banks were very reluctant to apply negative interest rates to household deposits as well, and thus probably faced particularly high margin pressure. It was primarily these banks that also charged higher fees in order to ease this pressure.

The Bundesbank's climate-related disclosures for 2023 update and supplement last year’s results, in line with the Eurosystem’s decisions.

The March 2023 Monthly Report describes how the German balance of payments developed in 2022. It also discusses the significance of digitalisation for labour productivity. An additional article covers the profitability and financing of German enterprises in 2021.

Generelle bankrechtliche Regelungen zur Abwicklung des unbaren Zahlungsverkehrs finden Sie in den Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen der Deutschen Bundesbank.

The macro-financial environment has deteriorated substantially over the course of 2022. It has been shaped by subdued growth prospects, high inflation as well as rising interest rates and risk premia.