The costs of payment methods for consumers are difficult to determine, not recorded in a harmonised manner on an international level and consequently vary significantly from country to country. For this reason, a separate study is necessary for Germany. As part of a representative survey conducted in 2023, households were asked about the costs they incurred when using various means of payment. 

The October 2021 edition of the Monthly Report contains an article on state government finances in 2020 from the perspective of the temporary impact of the pandemic on the deficit situation and the effect of escape clauses on the building of reserves. Another topic discussed is the development of the global economy during the coronavirus pandemic. The question of how households in Germany view the digital euro is also addressed, with a presentation of initial survey results and interviews. The report additionally features an article on the regulation of remuneration in credit institutions.