The continual observation of price stability is based on analyses of price statistics. Particular attention is usually paid to the German Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) and the national Consumer Price Index (CPI), which are both published by the Federal Statistical Office and often used throughout the EU and as inflation measures.

These national public finance statistics contain data on the budgetary developments of central, state and local government, the social security funds and general government according to the definition in the German public finance statistics, which is largely based on transactions booked in the budgets.

Real interest rates are interest rates that have been adjusted for developments in purchasing power. They are broadly calculated as the difference between the nominal interest rate and the inflation rate (in the case of low interest rates and relatively stable prices).

on the topic of External sector