The October 2012 monthly report contains: The financial crisis and balance of payments developments within the euro area; The development of state government finances in Germany since 2005; The importance of trade credit for corporate financing in Germany – evidence from financial statements statistics; The use of cash and cashless payment instruments: a microeconomic analysis.

Climate change, and our response to it, will have a significant impact on economic and financial systems. The impacts will be far-reaching in breadth and in magnitude; subject to tipping points and irreversible changes; and are uncertain yet at the same time totally foreseeable. In particular, while we do not know now exactly what physical and transition risks will materialise, we do know for sure that we will face some combination of those risks. And, crucially, we also know that the size and balance of these future financial risks and economic costs will depend on the actions we take today.