The Bundesbank’s October 2019 Monthly Report reviews and analyses the market for sustainable financial investments, as well as studying the European investment funds market and the role of bond funds in the low interest rate environment. Furthermore, it describes the long-term outlook for the statutory pension insurance scheme and explains structural reforms in the euro area.

This paper analyses cash and cashless payment instruments in Germany. After a description of developments in a national and international context, we will compile a critical overview of iterature on cost calculations and on the importance of payments media for different countries.

It is often said that wage moderation in Germany was the primary cause of the current account imbalances in the euro area that emerged prior to the financial crisis. A new study puts this hypothesis to the test.