The April 2025 Monthly Report presents the results of the 2023 household wealth survey. Another article in the report provides an up-to-date overview of the role cash plays in German society. The report also covers the debt situation in the private non-financial sector of the euro area since the start of monetary policy tightening.

The March 2025 Monthly Report contains a proposal to reform the debt brake and investigates access to cash in Germany. In addition to these topics, one article discusses the analysis of monetary policy communications using artificial intelligence. Another article examines the role of central securities depositories in Europe given their importance to the capital markets union. The Monthly Report also takes a look at Germany’s balance of payments in 2024.

The February 2025 monthly report explains the economic situation in Germany at the turn of 2024/25.

The costs of payment methods for consumers are difficult to determine, not recorded in a harmonised manner on an international level and consequently vary significantly from country to country. For this reason, a separate study is necessary for Germany. As part of a representative survey conducted in 2023, households were asked about the costs they incurred when using various means of payment.