The Deutsche Bundesbank conducts regular surveys of households’ expectations for unemployment, economic growth, rent prices, real estate prices, and interest rates on savings and loans. These data are used to calculate index figures, from which corresponding trends can be easily derived.

In November 2025, individuals expected an average increase in their monthly net household income of around €70 over the next 12 months. This was on par with the corresponding expectations for the preceding two months. Expectations still vary significantly when broken down by factors such as household income, gender and age group. The median remains constant at €125. This can be explained by the fact that a large share of individuals have considered income growth of between €0 and €250 to be most likely each month since this survey was launched.

Wie gelingt es, wissenschaftlich zu forschen und dabei die Stabilität des Finanzsystems aktiv mitzugestalten? Tobias zeigt, wie spannend und einflussreich die Arbeit im Bereich Finanzstabilität der Bundesbank sein kann.

The Münze Deutschland is the official Sales Agency for collector coins of the Federal Republic of Germany. Editor of the German coins is the Federal Ministry of Finance.

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Real interest rates are interest rates that have been adjusted for developments in purchasing power. They are broadly calculated as the difference between the nominal interest rate and the inflation rate (in the case of low interest rates and relatively stable prices).

Central banks base their monetary policy on balance sheet data from banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions, as well as from households, businesses, and parts of the government. These reports provide important information about behavior and developments in the respective sectors.