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Price competitiveness
The same methodology as the real effective exchange rates of the euro is used to calculate price competitiveness indicators for individual euro area countries.
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Corporate financial statements
Statistical data on the business activities of German enterprises are published on the basis of single-entity financial statements pursuant to the German Commercial Code (HGB) and on the basis of consolidated financial statements according to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
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Methodology and quality Negotiated pay rates and labour costs
Notes on methodology
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National Producer and consumer prices
The continual observation of price stability is based on analyses of price statistics. Particular attention is usually paid to the German Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) and the national Consumer Price Index (CPI), which are both published by the Federal Statistical Office and often used throughout the EU and as inflation measures.
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Employment and labour market
The labour market is where enterprises' demand for the production factor labour meets household's supply of working time.
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Foreign trade prices
The continual observation of price stability is based on analyses of price statistics. Particular attention is usually paid to the German Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) and the national Consumer Price Index (CPI), which are both published by the Federal Statistical Office and often used throughout the EU and as inflation measures.
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Orders received and stock of orders
Orders received is a leading indicator for cyclical developments. The figures are compiled monthly by the Federal Statistical Office and published both as a value index and as a volume index for the manufacturing and construction sectors respectively. The number of permits granted for structural engineering work also indicates the level of economic movement to be expected in that sector.