www.interdependence.org

Pier Carlo Padoan was born on 19 January 1950 in Rome. He was appointed Minister of Economy and Finance by the Italian government in February 2014. Mr Padoan holds a degree in economics and was a lecturer and researcher at the La Sapienza University in Rome until recently. In addition to his academic career, Mr Padoan has also worked for various international organisations. From 2001 to 2005, he was the Executive Director at the International Monetary Fund (IMF). From 2007 until his appointment to the Italian government, he was Deputy Secretary-General of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), where he became Chief Economist in 2009.

"The real losers when money is weak or inflationary are always the poorest members of society." (1995)

Yves Mersch has been a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank since 2012, where his responsibilities include legal services and risk management. Before this, he was the inaugural Governor of the Banque centrale du Luxembourg (BCL) from 1998–2012. A jurist and political scientist by training, Mersch was also director of the Treasury for Luxembourg for almost ten years. As the personal representative of the Minister of Finance, he was closely involved in the negotiation of the Treaty on European Union (the Maastricht Treaty).

The Phillips curve was invented by UK economist Alban William Phillips, who observed a correlation between nominal wage growth and the unemployment rate for the period 1861 to 1957. The original version of the curve implies a trade-off between unemployment and inflation. Empirical evidence shows, however, that the relationship is not nearly as simple as that. Over the past 50 years, the Phillips curve has time and again been hotly debated, leading to numerous modifications.

Mark Carney has been Governor of the Bank of England since 1 July 2013. Prior to this, Canadian-born Mr Carney was Governor of the Bank of Canada between 2008 and 2013. Since 2011 he has also served as Chairman of the Financial Stability Board (FSB).
After studying economics in Harvard and Oxford, Carney started his career at the investment bank Goldman Sachs before taking the post of Deputy Governor of the Bank of Canada in 2003. There then followed a brief stay at the Canadian Department of Finance before he returned to the Bank of Canada in 2008.

Mark Carney was born in the small Canadian town of Fort Smith on 16 March 1965. He is the first non-Briton to serve as Governor of the Bank of England.