Session 3: "Germany’s current account surplus: a problem to be fixed?" with Clemens Fuest, ifo Institute, Maurice Obstfeld, International Monetary Fund, Jens Südekum, Heinrich Heine University and Guntram Wolff, Bruegel. Chair: Jens Ulbrich, Deutsche Bundesbank.

Session 2: "Fiscal policy: a medium-term view" with Servaas Deroose, European Commission, Lars Feld, German Council of Economic Experts, Daniel Gros, Centre for European Policy Studies and Ludger Schuknecht, Federal Ministry of Finance. Chair: Rolf Strauch, European Stability Mechanism.

Session 1: "Wages and inflation in Germany" with Peter Bofinger, German Council of Economic Experts, Michael Hüther, German Economic Institute (IW), Stephan Kohns, Deutsche Bundesbank and Lucrezia Reichlin, London Business School. Chair: Poul Thomsen, International Monetary Fund

Keynote address by Dr Jens Weidmann, President of the Deutsche Bundesbank

Transition risk is the risk arising from the economy’s shift towards net-zero carbon emissions. Applying a novel methodology, we find that large unanticipated increases to transition risk are predominantly related to political events and can have notable macroeconomic consequences. Interestingly, in the short run these shocks do not uniformly generate inflationary pressure, challenging the prevalent notion of “greenflation.” Finally, our results highlight an important role for country-specificities, suggesting, for instance, that there may also be economic benefits attached to the transition. Overall, while international policy coordination is essential, these findings underscore the importance of tailoring policy interventions to each nation's unique economic context.