According to preliminary calculations by the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis), price-adjusted gross domestic product (GDP) in 2023 was 0.3% lower than a year earlier. The calendar-adjusted decline in economic output was 0.1%. According to Destatis, high prices at all stages of the economy dampened economic activity. This was joined by unfavourable financing conditions due to rising interest rates and lower demand from Germany and abroad. 

Die Deutsche Bundesbank geht in einer aktuellen Studie der Frage nach, wie Bargeld in der Zukunft genutzt wird. Dazu skizziert die Studie drei unterschiedliche Szenarien für das Bezahlen mit Bargeld im Jahr 2037.