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Product Environmental Footprint (PEF)-Studie für Euro-Banknoten als Zahlungsmittel im Bargeldkreislauf für Deutschland
2 MB, PDF
Der Banknotenumlauf in Deutschland hat einen geringen ökologischen Fußabdruck. Das ist das Ergebnis einer Studie im Auftrag der Deutschen Bundesbank. Die Studie untersucht, wie sich die Ausgabe, Verteilung, Nutzung und Entsorgung von Euro-Banknoten auf die Umwelt auswirken.
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Money Market Statistical Reporting – MMSR (German Part) – Data Report 2025-15 – Metadata Version 4-0 Patrick Felka, Christian Hirsch
363 KB, PDF
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Empirical findings on upper-level aggregation issues in the HICP Julika Herzberg, Thomas A. Knetsch, Dilyana Popova, Jannik Schaller, Patrick Schwind, Sebastian Weinand
1 MB, PDF
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How the debt brake could be developed further A Bundesbank contribution to the reform debate
Germany’s fiscal rules were fundamentally reformed in March. Extensive scope for borrowing now exists to address the major challenges in the areas of defence and infrastructure. This is appropriate on a temporary basis. However, because there is unlimited scope to borrow for defence spending, neither sound government finances nor compliance with the EU rules are guaranteed over the longer term. Also, the preferential status accorded to government investment within the scope for borrowing is only temporary. The following proposal to reform the debt brake addresses both of these issues.
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A simple model of geopolitical risk and sanctions Vivien Lewis, Sirikorn Puangjit
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