The Basel framework encompasses all applicable standards issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The Bundesbank played a substantial part in formulating all of these standards.

The nominal effective exchange rates of the euro condense bilateral exchange rates against multiple countries into a single index. As an aggregate, they capture changes in euro exchange rates against various groups of currencies of key trading partners.

Bundesbank’s external position stood at €807 billion at the end of June 2025, with claims from the TARGET2 payment system worth €1051 billion making up around 71 % of total assets. These are followed by international reserves, comprising gold and foreign exchange reserves, including the special drawing rights allocated by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which account for a total of 20 % of assets. At 84 %, issuance of euro cash accounted for the bulk of liabilities. Deposits of non-euro area residents amount to 8 % of foreign liabilities.

Germany’s gross external debt amounted to €6.6 trillion at the end of the first quarter 2025; relative to gross domestic product (GDP) it increased in the period under review.

The new banknotes retain the basic features of the first banknote series with regard to the motifs and main colours depicted in the stylised windows, gateways and bridges, showing architectural styles from different periods of European history.

The external assets of the banks (more than 2 trillion euros) are significantly higher than the external liabilities.