When the third stage of European monetary union (EMU) was initiated on 1 January 1999, monetary and foreign exchange policy was transferred to the European System of Central Banks (ESCB), which consists of the European Central Bank (ECB) and the national central banks of the participating member states.

The war in Iran and the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz have shaken global energy markets and evoked memories of 2022, when Russia’s attack on Ukraine significantly exacerbated the energy crisis of 2021/22. In the current issue of the Monthly Report, Bundesbank experts examine both crises and show that while there are parallels there are also significant differences.

The Regional Offices monitor credit institutions and financial service providers in their respective regions. The branches are subordinate to the Regional Office and supply the economy with euro banknotes and coins.

Answers to frequently asked questions about applying for a job at the Bundesbank.

The following datasets have been updated by the RDSC and are now available for research projects:
MaMFI, ZISTA, BISTA, BOP-F, GuV, AUSTA, VJKRE

Die Finanzsanktionen gegen diejenigen, die Gewalttaten der Hamas und des Palästinensischen Islamischen Dschihads unterstützen, erleichtern oder ermöglichen, dienen der Durchführung von Maßnahmen der Europäischen Union.