German banks applied tighter credit standards for loans at the beginning of 2023, as is shown by the results of the Bank Lending Survey (BLS) conducted by the Bundesbank. Institutions cited not only the higher cost of funds but also, in particular, the persistently high credit risk in all segments due to the deterioration in the economic situation as well as major uncertainty caused by the Ukraine war and by the high inflation as the main reasons for this.

Das Eurosystem umfasst die EZB und die nationalen Zentralbanken der Mitgliedstaaten, die den Euro als gemeinsame Währung bereits eingeführt haben. Derzeit sind dies 19 Staaten.