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The exchange rate regime is key for the effects of the Bundesbank’s monetary policy on European countries from 1974 to 1998 Research Brief | 54th edition – December 2022
Record inflation in the euro area has led the ECB Governing Council to start raising its key interest rates. The effects on the domestic economy and spillover effects on foreign countries may primarily depend on whether exchange rates are floating or fixed. A new empirical study shows that, during the time of the Deutschmark, the Bundesbank’s monetary policy was transmitted to a significantly greater degree to neighbouring European countries with fixed exchange rates to the Deutschmark than to those with floating exchange rates to the Deutschmark.
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Statistical Series International investment position and external debt December 2022
3 MB, PDF
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Outlook for the German economy for 2023 to 2025 Article from the Monthly Report December 2022
438 KB, PDF
Article from the Monthly Report December 2022
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Rise in energy prices, the exchange rate of the euro and Germany’s price competitiveness Monthly Report December 2022
180 KB, PDF
Monthly Report December 2022
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Monthly Report – December 2022
The December 2022 edition of the Bundesbank’s Monthly Report describes the outlook for the German economy for 2023 to 2025. Furthermore, it discusses the recent rise in energy prices in the context of Germany’s price competitiveness. The report also features an article entitled “Access to cash in Germany – results of a representative public survey”.