Pictures and information on the national sides of the coins in circulation in Belgium.

At the initiative of the European Commission, a €2 commemorative coin with a single national design was issued by all the member states of the euro area on 2 January 2012 to mark the tenth anniversary of the introduction of euro banknotes and coins.

The statistical series have been published since April 2020 and replace the Statistical Supplements as well as the data-related Special Statistical Publications. They contain compilations of tables and charts depicting important specialist statistics.

The European Union and the ECB have changed the underlying legal conditions for cash processing outside central banks, thereby establishing a binding and harmonised legal framework.

Since September 2024
Member of the Executive Board of the Deutsche Bundesbank

First Deputy Governor of the Deutsche Bundesbank since September 2024.

In economic life, people often use banknotes and coins to make small purchases. But when larger amounts are involved, they pay by credit transfer or with a bank card instead of cash.

Real interest rates are interest rates that have been adjusted for developments in purchasing power. They are broadly calculated as the difference between the nominal interest rate and the inflation rate (in the case of low interest rates and relatively stable prices).