The €100 banknote of the Europa series was introduced on 17 September 2018. The Europa series was introduced in May 2013, starting with the €5 banknote.

Market risk is the risk of losses in on- and off-balance sheet risk positions arising from movements in market prices. Under the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR), credit institutions are required to hold own funds for market risk to cover foreign exchange risk and commodities risk in their non-trading and trading books as well as position risk (risk of positions in debt and equity instruments) in their trading book. They can use either the standardised approach or internal risk models to calculate their market risk.

It is not wise to outsource our sovereignty, said Bundesbank President Joachim Nagel in a speech at the House of the Euro in Brussels. He gave this speech at an event on the digital euro and its importance for Europe’s strategic autonomy. Mr Nagel stressed the need to make Europe’s payment infrastructure more independent and more resilient. The digital euro provides this opportunity, Mr Nagel said. 

The change in the global world order and economic system isn’t a temporary phenomenon. Globalisation and digitalisation mean this change will be a perpetual process, First Deputy Governor Sabine Mauderer announced at a symposium organised by the Institute for Banking and Financial History (IBF) and the Center for Financial Studies (CFS). Hosted by the Bundesbank’s Regional Office in Hesse, this event saw participants discuss how trade conflicts can impact on the global economic system. Bundesbank Executive Board member Fritzi Köhler-Geib spoke on a panel about the outlook for the German and European economy.

In spite of ongoing strains and additional headwinds as a result of the war in the Middle East, real gross domestic product (GDP) is likely to have increased slightly in the first quarter of 2026 after seasonal adjustment, says the Bundesbank in its April Monthly Report. Nonetheless, industry is suffering from structural barriers to growth, which are undermining its competitive position. Furthermore, the significant rise in fuel prices in March has weighed heavily on households’ purchasing power. The Bundesbank’s experts anticipate that inflation will remain significantly elevated over the coming months as well.