While the charts on the other webpages of this study illustrate the results of regularly asked core questions, here we show charts on an ad hoc basis mainly relating to special questions for research projects or policy advice.

The Deutsche Bundesbank conducts regular surveys of households’ expectations for unemployment, economic growth, rent prices, real estate prices, and interest rates on savings and loans. These data are used to calculate index figures, from which corresponding trends can be easily derived.

In September 2025, individuals expected their monthly net household income to rise by €70 on average over the next twelve months, slightly less than in the previous month (€85). Expectations still vary significantly when broken down by factors such as household income, gender and age group. The median remains constant at €125. This can be explained by the fact that a large share of individuals have considered income growth of between €0 and €250 to be most likely each month since this survey was launched.

In September, households in Germany adjusted their expectations for real estate prices in their region slightly downwards. With an average expected increase of 5.4 % over the next twelve months, expectations were 0.1 percentage point higher than the previous month’s figure of 5.5 %. When asked about their qualitative expectations in September, 61 % of individuals expected real estate prices to increase (August: 63 %) and an unchanged 7 % expected them to decrease during this period.

Below we provide a selection of all relevant customer information letters, guidance notices and other information on the MACCs procedure.

The Bundesbank plays a pivotal role in the cash cycle. It issues new banknotes and coins, as well as removing unfit banknotes and coins from circulation.

Das Europäische System der Zentralbanken (ESZB) begrüßt die jüngste Aktualisierung des Internationalen Verhaltenskodex für den Devisenhandel (FX Global Code) vom Dezember 2024. 

Die Mitglieder des Europäischen Systems der Zentralbanken (ESZB), darunter auch die Deutsche Bundesbank, haben ihre Bindungserklärungen zum internationalen Verhaltenskodex für den Devisenmarkt erneuert. Der Verhaltenskodex, der einen robusten, fairen, liquiden, offenen und angemessen transparenten Devisenmarkt fördern soll, war im Juli 2021 überarbeitet und ergänzt worden. „Mit den Bindungserklärungen unterstreichen die ESZB-Mitglieder, dass die Verhaltensgrundsätze eine bedeutende Rolle für die Sicherstellung der Integrität und das Funktionieren des Devisenhandels spielen“, heißt es in einer Pressemitteilung der EZB.

Stock reports pursuant to Annexes Z 5, Z 5a and Z 5b to the Foreign Trade and Payments Regulation can be submitted via file transfer in different file formats.