Yves Mersch est depuis décembre 2012 membre du Directoire de la Banque centrale européenne où il est, entre autres, en charge des affaires juridiques ainsi que de la gestion de risque. Auparavant, il était à compter de 1998 président de la banque centrale du Luxembourg. De plus, ce diplômé en droit et en sciences politiques était pendant presque dix ans directeur du Trésor luxembourgeois. En tant que représentant personnel du ministère luxembourgeois des Finances, M. Mersch a activement participé aux négociations sur le Traité sur l'Union européenne (Traité de Maastricht).

La courbe de Phillips remonte à l'économiste britannique Alban William Phillips, qui a observé pour les années 1861 à 1957 un lien entre le taux de croissance des salaires nominaux et le taux de chômage. Dans sa variante initiale, la courbe donne ainsi l'impression qu'il existe un choix entre chômage et inflation. Du point de vue empirique, il s'est toutefois avéré qu'une relation aussi simple n'existe pas. Au cours des 50 dernières années, la courbe de Phillips a fait l'objet à plusieurs reprises de discussions controversées qui ont donné lieu à de nombreuses modifications de la courbe.

Pier Carlo Padoan was born on 19 January 1950 in Rome. He was appointed Minister of Economy and Finance by the Italian government in February 2014. Mr Padoan holds a degree in economics and was a lecturer and researcher at the La Sapienza University in Rome until recently. In addition to his academic career, Mr Padoan has also worked for various international organisations. From 2001 to 2005, he was the Executive Director at the International Monetary Fund (IMF). From 2007 until his appointment to the Italian government, he was Deputy Secretary-General of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), where he became Chief Economist in 2009.

Yves Mersch has been a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank since 2012, where his responsibilities include legal services and risk management. Before this, he was the inaugural Governor of the Banque centrale du Luxembourg (BCL) from 1998–2012. A jurist and political scientist by training, Mersch was also director of the Treasury for Luxembourg for almost ten years. As the personal representative of the Minister of Finance, he was closely involved in the negotiation of the Treaty on European Union (the Maastricht Treaty).

The Phillips curve was invented by UK economist Alban William Phillips, who observed a correlation between nominal wage growth and the unemployment rate for the period 1861 to 1957. The original version of the curve implies a trade-off between unemployment and inflation. Empirical evidence shows, however, that the relationship is not nearly as simple as that. Over the past 50 years, the Phillips curve has time and again been hotly debated, leading to numerous modifications.

Mark Carney has been Governor of the Bank of England since 1 July 2013. Prior to this, Canadian-born Mr Carney was Governor of the Bank of Canada between 2008 and 2013. Since 2011 he has also served as Chairman of the Financial Stability Board (FSB).
After studying economics in Harvard and Oxford, Carney started his career at the investment bank Goldman Sachs before taking the post of Deputy Governor of the Bank of Canada in 2003. There then followed a brief stay at the Canadian Department of Finance before he returned to the Bank of Canada in 2008.

Mark Carney was born in the small Canadian town of Fort Smith on 16 March 1965. He is the first non-Briton to serve as Governor of the Bank of England.

The insolvency of LBHI in September 2008 was the culmination of events that had begun in the summer of 2007 as a crisis in the US real estate market. This brought the interbank market virtually to a standstill. Within a year, a crisis that had until then been confined to the United States had engulfed the global financial and economic system.

Mit der Insolvenz der Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (LBHI) im September 2008 erreichte eine Entwicklung, die im Sommer 2007 als Krise auf dem amerikanischen Immobilienmarkt begonnen hatte, ihren vorläufigen Höhepunkt. In der Folge kam der Interbankenmarkt praktisch zum Erliegen. Innerhalb eines Jahres weitete sich die bis dahin auf die USA beschränkte Krise zu einer weltweiten Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise aus.

Jim Yong Kim ist seit dem 1. Juli 2012 Präsident der Weltbank, in den Jahren von 2009 bis 2012 bekleidete der Arzt und Anthropologe das Amt des Präsidenten des Dartmouth College in den Vereinigten Staaten. Zuvor war Kim als Professor für Medizin und Sozialmedizin und Vorsitzender der Abteilung Weltgesundheit und Sozialmedizin an der Harvard Medical School tätig. Als Direktor der Abteilung HIV/Aids der Weltgesundheitsorganisation in den Jahren 2004 bis 2006 rief er umfangreiches Programm zur Bekämpfung der AIDS-Epidemie ins Leben.

Kim wurde am 8. Dezember 1959 im südkoreanischen Seoul geboren, wuchs aber ab seinem fünften Lebensjahr in den Vereinigten Staaten auf.

Bank für internationalen Zahlungsausgleich (BIZ)
Bretton-Woods-System
Devisen
Emission
Europäische Währungsschlange
Europäische Währungsunion (EWU)
Goldabkommen
Goldeinlösungsgarantie
Reservewährung
Währungsreserven
Zahlungsbilanz