Constans was the youngest son of Constantin I the Great. He was only a boy when his father accorded him the rank of Caesar (emperor-designate). With the death of Constantin I in 337, his three sons Constantin II, Constantius II and Constans adopted the title of Augustus and divided the empire amongst themselves.

Constans was the youngest son of Constantin I the Great. He was only a boy when his father accorded him the rank of Caesar (emperor-designate). With the death of Constantin I in 337, his three sons Constantin II, Constantius II and Constans adopted the title of Augustus and divided the empire amongst themselves.

The Byzantine Empire was one of the most significant and powerful states in the Middle Ages. It emerged from the eastern part of the Roman Empire, which was split into two in AD 395. The modern name "Byzantine Empire" is derived from the ancient Greek city of Byzantium. The Byzantines, however, considered themselves Roman. Constantinople, now Istanbul, was the capital of their empire. Its namesake, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great (306-337), refounded the city on the site of Byzantium.

The Macedonian king Alexander the Great is considered to this day to be a great general and conqueror. At the head of his army, he invaded the Persian Empire, the largest and most powerful of its time, which stretched from the eastern coast of the Mediterranean to the Indian subcontinent.

Our special piece references the successes of Emperor Titus Flavius Domitianus (81–96) in Germania. The coin shows his portrait wearing a laurel wreath. On the reverse of the aureus, the mourning Germania is depicted, sitting on a Germanic shield. Beside her lies a broken spear.

In the Middle Ages, the Republic of Venice was a significant trading and naval power. Venice was the capital of a far-flung territory. The areas under the control of the lagoon city included a thin strip on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, parts of modern Greece, Crete and other islands in the Aegean.

Im zweiten Quartal 2023 erhöhte sich der Bestand an von finanziellen Mantelkapitalgesellschaften/Verbriefungszweckgesellschaften (FMKGs) im Euroraum begebenen Schuldverschreibungen auf 1 783 Mrd. € nach 1 741 Mrd. € im Vorquartal.

Im ersten Quartal 2023 belief sich der Bestand an von Investmentfonds (ohne Geldmarktfonds) begebenen Anteilen auf 15 302 Mrd. € und war damit um 304 Mrd. € höher als im ersten Quartal 2023.