Für das Schülerbuch „Geld und Geldpolitik“ sind begleitende Materialien für den Einsatz im Schulunterricht erhältlich.

German enterprises constitute net debtors vis-à-vis non-residents: Standing at €1798 billion at the end of August 2025, their liabilities arising from financial operations and trade credits, exceeded their corresponding assets of €1501 billion by €297 billion. Compared with the previous month, this is a change of €25 billion.

In addition to the numismatic collection, there is also a specialist library which is universal in its chronological and geographical scope. It is a reference library only and is open to the public by appointment.

Having ascended the throne aged just 28, the Prussian King Frederick II was one of the leading figures of his time. His contemporaries gave him the epithet "the Great" just several years into his reign on account of Prussia rising to become a major power under his rule.

Constans was the youngest son of Constantin I the Great. He was only a boy when his father accorded him the rank of Caesar (emperor-designate). With the death of Constantin I in 337, his three sons Constantin II, Constantius II and Constans adopted the title of Augustus and divided the empire amongst themselves.

The Byzantine Empire was one of the most significant and powerful states in the Middle Ages. It emerged from the eastern part of the Roman Empire, which was split into two in AD 395. The modern name "Byzantine Empire" is derived from the ancient Greek city of Byzantium. The Byzantines, however, considered themselves Roman. Constantinople, now Istanbul, was the capital of their empire. Its namesake, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great (306-337), refounded the city on the site of Byzantium.

Constans was the youngest son of Constantin I the Great. He was only a boy when his father accorded him the rank of Caesar (emperor-designate). With the death of Constantin I in 337, his three sons Constantin II, Constantius II and Constans adopted the title of Augustus and divided the empire amongst themselves.

The Macedonian king Alexander the Great is considered to this day to be a great general and conqueror. At the head of his army, he invaded the Persian Empire, the largest and most powerful of its time, which stretched from the eastern coast of the Mediterranean to the Indian subcontinent.

Bundesbank’s external position stood at €853 billion at the end of September 2025, with claims from the TARGET2 payment system worth €1050 billion making up around 68 % of total assets. These are followed by international reserves, comprising gold and foreign exchange reserves, including the special drawing rights allocated by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which account for a total of 23 % of assets. At 86 %, issuance of euro cash accounted for the bulk of liabilities. Deposits of non-euro area residents amount to 6 % of foreign liabilities.