Financial repression is intended to help the government deleverage over time, for example following crises, by artificially lowering the yield on government bonds. However, its impact on the deb-to-GDP ratio also depends on how it affects the economy as a whole, as financial repression also influences private investment and saving decisions. In view of these macroeconomic interrelationships, financial repression can lead to a net rise in the government debt-to-GDP ratio. A new study suggests that this is what happened in the United States following the Second World War.

Climate change is one of the most significant structural force shaping the global economy. Its impact will be substantial and diverse, affecting all economic agents and sectors across the globe. This report compiled by the NGFS group of experts on monetary policy and climate change investigates the possible effects of climate change on the conduct of monetary policy.