The March 2022 edition of the Monthly Report features an article on monetary policy in a protracted phase of low interest rates, discussing the concept of the reversal rate. In addition, it analyses Germany’s balance of payments for 2021.

The April 2022 Monthly Report explains the development of the debt situation in the euro area’s private non-financial sector since the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic and describes possibilities for the stability-oriented further development of the central government’s debt brake. Furthermore, the Monthly Report analyses the current developments in the demand for euro banknotes at the Bundesbank and contains a contribution on the possible macroeconomic consequences of the war in Ukraine: simulations of an intensified risk scenario. 

In recent years, the European Union has imposed various types of financial sanctions against Russian banks. A new study examines whether these measures have affected payment flows in TARGET2.

The Bundesbank’s April 2021 Monthly Report outlines the impact of monetary policy depending on the debt situation of the non-financial private sector and presents evidence for the euro area. It also examines firms’ assessments and expectations during the pandemic based on findings from the Bundesbank Online Panel Firms. A further article discusses the payment options opened up by digital money.