As part of the 2026 CEPR European Workshop on Household Finance, organized jointly with the Bundesbank and hosted at the Bundesbank’s training center in Eltville, a panel discussion was held on “Financial Advice in the Era of Artificial Intelligence.” The session was moderated by Falko Fecht, Head of the Bundesbank’s Research Centre, and featured the following panelists: Prof. Dr. Fritzi Köhler-Geib, Member of the Bundesbank’s Executive Board, Prof. Dr. Christine Laudenbach, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE, Professor Dr. Michael Haliassos, Institute for Monetary and Financial Stability (IMFS) and CEPR, and Prof. Dr. Peter Oertmann, Ultramarin GmbH and TU München.

Cash or girocard payments remain the least expensive types of payment for retailers. According to the latest Bundesbank study The cost of payment methods in the retail sector, the average cost per cash payment amounts to only €0.43. In terms of the ratio of cost to turnover, the girocard is the most cost-effective method, at an average cost of 1 % of turnover.

The branches of the Bundesbank supply the economy with euro banknotes and coins, and offers private customers the opportunity to exchange D-Mark banknotes and coins free-of-charge and with no fixed deadline.

The inflation and deflation calculator shows how a price or the purchasing power will develop in future based on a certain inflation or deflation rate.