Expected real interest rates are calculated based on nominal yields and inflation expectations from analyst surveys.

Here you will find information on issuance by monetary financial institutions ("securities issues").

The "payments" section includes data on the payment systems employed and transaction volumes as well as statistics on securities settlement systems.

Since December 2009, the statistics on financial vehicle corporations (FVCs) have included a quarterly survey, carried out at the end of the quarter, of the assets and liabilities of all FVCs in Germany.

As to the investment fund statistics, comprehensive information is collected on funds open to the general public, specialised funds and closed-end funds which were created by domestic investment companies pursuant to the Kapitalanlagegesetzbuch.

The statistics on amounts outstanding of OTC derivatives are part of a survey coordinated by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), which is conducted semi-annually by central banks in major financial centres.

The monetary policy strategy of the Eurosystem attaches great importance to monetary developments.

The external assets of the banks (more than 2 trillion euros) are significantly higher than the external liabilities.