This is where users and payment service providers discuss current developments.

on the topic of balance of payments

Spain's colonial empire spanned vast parts of Central and South America. These lands, rich in gold and silver, were an important resource for the kings of Spain. The Spanish established mints in their American colonies to produce coins from the precious metals extracted in the New World. The oldest mint on the American continent is the Mexican Mint, which was set up in 1535. Twice a year, the famous silver fleet sailed from the New World back to Spain fully laden with treasures.

At €74 billion, the expansion of foreign direct investment (FDI) assets slowed down in 2024, compared to the previous year (€96 billion).

Since 2014, the Single Supervisory Mechanism has been responsible for supervising banks in the euro area. The new banking supervision system consists of the European Central Bank and the national competent authorities of the participating countries.

Das "Panel on Household Finances (PHF)" ist eine wissenschaftliche Studie zur wirtschaftlichen Lage der privaten Haushalte in Deutschland. Die folgenden Seiten für Forscher/innen sind nur auf Englisch verfügbar.

The external assets of the banks (more than 2 trillion euros) are significantly higher than the external liabilities.

German enterprises constitute net debtors vis-à-vis non-residents: Standing at €1796 billion at the end of June 2025, their liabilities arising from financial operations and trade credits, exceeded their corresponding assets of €1508 billion by €288 billion. Compared with the previous month, this is a change of -€18 billion.

The certificate is self-signed with the SHA-256 algorithm and is valid for twelve years.