Frederick II, of the House of Hohenstaufen and King of Sicily, took an extraordinary step when he started minting gold coins in 1231. This is because, for many centuries, the Christian West had been shaped purely by silver currency. Frederick II’s gold coins, called augustales, were something special: the quality of the image and their embossing are unique for their time. Augustales are extraordinary coins minted by an extraordinary ruler.

Spain's colonial empire spanned vast parts of Central and South America. These lands, rich in gold and silver, were an important resource for the kings of Spain. The Spanish established mints in their American colonies to produce coins from the precious metals extracted in the New World. The oldest mint on the American continent is the Mexican Mint, which was set up in 1535. Twice a year, the famous silver fleet sailed from the New World back to Spain fully laden with treasures.

Für die erstmalige Registrierung im ExtraNet der Deutschen Bundesbank ist die vorherige Zuteilung einer Meldenummer erforderlich. Anschließend können sich Meldepflichtige für ein Fachverfahren registrieren.

Die Deutsche Bundesbank gehört zu den Gründungsmitgliedern des von der Europäischen Kommission eingerichteten Netzwerks der Schlichtungsstellen für Finanzdienstleistungen.

on the topic of International investment position and external debt

Pictures and information on the national sides of the coins in circulation in the Vatican.

Pictures and informations on the national sides of the coins in circulation in Austria.

A well functioning economy requires a stable banking system. Banking supervision is therefore responsible for monitoring credit institutions’ business activity and maintaining investor confidence. In Germany, the task of banking supervision is shared by the Bundesbank and the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin). In particular, the Bundesbank is in charge of monitoring the credit institutions.

With CashEDI – Cash Electronic Data Interchange – the Bundesbank offers customers the possibility of carrying out transactions electronically using standardised electronic data exchanges based on the GS1 standards.

On this page you will find legal basis on reports in banking statistics

At its meeting on 12 September 2019, the Governing Council of the European Central Bank decided to introduce a two-tier system for remunerating liquidity holdings in excess of minimum reserve requirements (excess reserves).

Procedural rules for payment systems of the Deutsche Bundesbank are available here.

The German Panel on Household Finances (PHF) is a representative panel survey on household finance and wealth in Germany, covering the balance sheet, pension, income, work life and other demographic characteristics of private households living in Germany.

The Bundesbank Online Panel Households (BOP-HH) is a online survey of German citizens aged 16 years or older. It collects e.g. information on individuals’ expectations regarding the development of inflation, house prices and interest rates in Germany as well as their past and planned expenditures and socio-demographic characteristics.

The survey collects relevant information about respondents' financial literacy, financial inclusion and socio-demographics.

Mondrian’s later works – The Victory Boogie Woogie – those lights! That is where we see vibration being incorporated into painting for the first time. It seemed to me […] that he was on the verge of bringing a visual motion into the picture, wrote the Venezuelan artist Jesús Rafael Soto, who lived and worked in Paris.

The Bundesbank Online Panel – Firms (“BOP-F”) is a firm survey data set. The Research Center and the Research Data and Service Center of the Deutsche Bundesbank conduct the survey since June 2020.