The ECB requires credit institutions to hold compulsory deposits on accounts with the national central banks: these are called “minimum” or “required” reserves. The amount of required reserves that each credit institution has to hold is determined by its reserve base multiplied by a minimum reserve ratio.

The branches of the Bundesbank supply the economy with euro banknotes and coins, and offers private customers the opportunity to exchange D-Mark banknotes and coins free-of-charge and with no fixed deadline.

Lending business traditionally plays a predominant role in an institution's development, but it is concurrently one of the main sources of banking risks. Besides limiting the business volume by requiring institutions to back counterparty risks with eligible own funds pursuant to CRR, the German Banking Act and CRR contain specific provisions concerning lending business.

Die Finanzsanktionen gegen den Irak dienen der Durchführung von Maßnahmen des Sicherheitsrats der Vereinten Nationen und sind in einer Verordnung des Rates geregelt.

The branches of the Bundesbank supply the economy with euro banknotes and coins, and offers private customers the opportunity to exchange D-Mark banknotes and coins free-of-charge and with no fixed deadline.

In our branches it is possible for private customers to exchange D-Mark banknotes and coins free-of-charge and with no fixed deadline. Please find further information, such as branch addresses, opening hours and travel directions, on the following sites.

Goethe University Frankfurt has appointed Bundesbank Executive Board member Fritzi Köhler-Geib as an honorary professor. Dr Köhler-Geib has been teaching master level courses in international and development economics/economic policy within the university’s economics and business department since 2021. She will continue to provide students on her courses, which focus on the intersection of financial markets and the real economy, with her practice-oriented perspective on policy measures to support economic growth and transformation processes.

Since January 2003, the Eurosystem has carried out a quarterly bank lending survey (BLS) to expand its knowledge about the role of lending in the monetary transmission mechanism and thus to obtain additional information for monetary policy analysis.