The Byzantine Empire was one of the most significant and powerful states in the Middle Ages. It emerged from the eastern part of the Roman Empire, which was split into two in AD 395. The modern name "Byzantine Empire" is derived from the ancient Greek city of Byzantium. The Byzantines, however, considered themselves Roman. Constantinople, now Istanbul, was the capital of their empire. Its namesake, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great (306-337), refounded the city on the site of Byzantium.

In the Middle Ages, the Republic of Venice was a significant trading and naval power. Venice was the capital of a far-flung territory. The areas under the control of the lagoon city included a thin strip on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, parts of modern Greece, Crete and other islands in the Aegean.

The risks to the German financial system have increased, as reported in the Bundesbank’s latest Financial Stability Review. The German economy is faced with structural challenges, and the high valuations in equity and bond markets pose the risk of larger, sudden market price corrections, Bundesbank Executive Board member Michael Theurer said at the presentation of the Financial Stability Review in Frankfurt.

Information on the options for obtaining the stamping quality “Stamp Shine”.

Scientific study on the expectations of firms in Germany

Following the entry into force of the revised Foreign Trade and Payments Regulation (AWV) on 1 September 2013, all external reports from enterprises, banks, public authorities and individuals must, as a general rule, be submitted in electronic format to the Bundesbank directly.