Tables

Further tables

Mit dem Bachelor-Studium „Business Management“ bieten wir Dir – in Kooperation mit der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule in Regensburg (OTH) – einen grundlegenden wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Berufseinstieg.

The same methodology as the real effective exchange rates of the euro is used to calculate price competitiveness indicators for individual euro area countries. 

Statistical data on the business activities of German enterprises are published on the basis of single-entity financial statements pursuant to the German Commercial Code (HGB) and on the basis of consolidated financial statements according to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

Monthly turnover data are available for industry and the retail trade sector. Quarterly time series are published for the services sector. The results for the retail trade are also included in the calculation of private consumption.

Collectively agreed wages rose less in February.

Notes on methodology

The labour cost index measures developments in labour costs per man-hour worked and is harmonised across Europe. It indicates from a cost perspective the risks to price stability and contributes to the location and competition analyses in a European comparison.

The continual observation of price stability is based on analyses of price statistics. Particular attention is usually paid to the German Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) and the national Consumer Price Index (CPI), which are both published by the Federal Statistical Office and often used throughout the EU and as inflation measures.

The labour market is where enterprises' demand for the production factor labour meets household's supply of working time.

The continual observation of price stability is based on analyses of price statistics. Particular attention is usually paid to the German Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) and the national Consumer Price Index (CPI), which are both published by the Federal Statistical Office and often used throughout the EU and as inflation measures.

Orders received is a leading indicator for cyclical developments. The figures are compiled monthly by the Federal Statistical Office and published both as a value index and as a volume index for the manufacturing and construction sectors respectively. The number of permits granted for structural engineering work also indicates the level of economic movement to be expected in that sector.

Further tables

Real interest rates are interest rates that have been adjusted for developments in purchasing power. They are broadly calculated as the difference between the nominal interest rate and the inflation rate (in the case of low interest rates and relatively stable prices).

Expected real interest rates are calculated based on nominal yields and inflation expectations from analyst surveys.

Here you will find information on issuance by monetary financial institutions ("securities issues").

Since December 2009, the statistics on financial vehicle corporations (FVCs) have included a quarterly survey, carried out at the end of the quarter, of the assets and liabilities of all FVCs in Germany.

As to the investment fund statistics, comprehensive information is collected on funds open to the general public, specialised funds and closed-end funds which were created by domestic investment companies pursuant to the Kapitalanlagegesetzbuch.

The statistics on amounts outstanding of OTC derivatives are part of a survey coordinated by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), which is conducted semi-annually by central banks in major financial centres.

The monetary policy strategy of the Eurosystem attaches great importance to monetary developments.

The external assets of the banks (more than 2 trillion euros) are significantly higher than the external liabilities.

Central banks base their monetary policy on balance sheet data from banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions, as well as from households, businesses, and parts of the government. These reports provide important information about behavior and developments in the respective sectors.